Andria Capai

Dreyfus model (L1 to L5) and score

This scale provides a readable indication of my autonomy level for each skill. It combines the Dreyfus model, which describes a progression from novice to expert, with an internal score from 0 to 100 used only for portfolio display.

• L1 — Novice (score 0 to 20) : follows explicit rules and needs a clear framework with regular guidance.
• L2 — Advanced beginner (score 21 to 40) : starts recognizing recurring situations and applies good practices with limited perspective.
• L3 — Competent (score 41 to 60) : plans work, chooses suitable strategies, and operates with solid autonomy.
• L4 — Proficient (score 61 to 80) : relies on experience, anticipates the impact of decisions, and optimizes according to context.
• L5 — Expert (score 81 to 100) : works fluently, makes reliable technical decisions, and can act as a reference on the topic.

Score ranges are an internal display convention. The Dreyfus model primarily describes stages of progression, not an absolute measurement.

Source: From Novice to Mastery, Dreyfus model